Before diving into this post, read my article for TVO about the celebrations and controversies surrounding Peace Day in July 1919. This also marks the 500th post on Tales of Toronto (though this entry isn’t strictly a Toronto story…).
The Treaty of Versailles
Souvenir, signing of peace, Versailles, 1919. Canada. Dept. of Soldiers’ Civil Re-establishment. Toronto Public Library.
Hamilton Herald, June 28, 1919. Click on image for larger version.
Eaton’s ad inspired by the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, Toronto Times, June 28, 1919.
The Globe, June 30, 1919. Click on image for larger version.
The Globe, June 30, 1919.
To Celebrate Peace Day or Not?
Front page editorial, Peterborough Evening Examiner, July 17, 1919.
In several communities across the province, the question was whether to devote their full efforts towards peace celebrations planned for the August civic holiday weekend, or quickly come up with festivities to placate veterans groups and die-hard imperialists.
Editorial, Peterborough Evening Examiner, July 18, 1919.
In Peterborough, the front page of the July 18, 1919 Evening Examiner was filled with notices from retailers who would close. The decision to honour the holiday didn’t come until a meeting of local merchants wrapped up late that afternoon. “The only exception,” the paper reported, “will be the butchers who will close at noon owing to the hot weather and the necessity of supplying the public with a fresh supply of meat.” Peterborough’s factories also agreed to close on Peace Day.
As merchant Dickson Hall put it, “it is a scandal to remain open, contrary to the wishes of the King and the people.”
Peterborough Evening Examiner, July 18, 1919.
Peace Day preparations were a mess in Windsor and the surrounding “Border Cities” (which included Ford City, Riverside, Sandwich, and Walkerville). “The attitude adopted by the Great War Veterans to have a parade and celebration has somewhat upset the calculations of those who expected to see the day pass quietly and unobserved,” the Border Cities Star reported on July 18. “The fact that organized labour also has decided to ‘take a holiday’ has added to the general confusion.” The Star believed that talk of punishing merchants who stayed open would “simmer out.” Merchants decided to take a half-holiday, shutting their doors at 1 p.m.
In the end, Windsorites preferred a quiet day. Many relaxed along the Detroit River or headed to Bob-Lo Island amusement park. Anyone who wanted to party could have travelled to large celebrations in Leamington and Tilbury. A veterans parade fizzled out, prompting at least one GWVA member to warn that Windsor’s lukewarm embrace of the GWVA’s vision of Peace Day would cause the Border Cities to lose out on future veteran conventions.
Meanwhile, In Hamilton…
Hamilton Herald, July 17, 1919.
A rebuttal to the Herald‘s claims from the front page of the July 18, 1919 edition of the Hamilton Spectator.
Hamilton Spectator, July 18, 1919.
Hamilton Herald, July 21, 1919.
If the festivities planned for Hamilton weren’t enticing, one could have taken advantage of Toronto’s celebrations, as shown in this July 17, 1919 ad from the Spectator.
Peace Day along The Danforth
Evening Telegram, July 21, 1919. Click on image for larger version.
In Toronto’s east end, the main Peace Day celebrations took place along Danforth Avenue. A parade was held between Broadview Avenue and Withrow Park, where around 70,000 people enjoyed the festivities.
Toronto Star, July 21, 1919.
Members of the Todmorden lodge of the Sons of England volunteered to provide refreshments in the park. Numbers published in the Toronto World indicated that the lodge sold over 7,200 soft drinks and 250 gallons of ice cream, bringing in over $1,000.
Toronto World, July 21, 1919.
Peace Day in Earlscourt
Evening Telegram, July 21, 1919. Click on image for larger version.
Toronto World, July 21, 1919.
For more on events in Earlscourt, check out this post on McRoberts Avenue.
Peace Day in Queen’s Park
Toronto World, July 21, 1919.
Evening Telegram, July 21, 1919.
During the singalong, Mayor Church announced that there would be no speeches. “The reports in the Toronto papers of Toronto’s peace celebration all agree that it was an unqualified success,” observed the editorial page of the July 21 edition of the Hamilton Herald, “but anything where there are no speeches is a reporter’s idea of an unqualified success.”
Not-So-Peaceful Actions
Piecing together the accounts of the rowdyism and violence which occurred in Toronto was like putting together a jigsaw puzzle, with each paper having its own set of details. Here are the full stories.
The Globe, July 21, 1919.
Mail and Empire, July 21, 1919.
Evening Telegram, July 21, 1919.
Toronto Times, July 21, 1919.
Toronto World, July 21, 1919.